All analyses were performed with R version 3.6.1. All tests were two-sided, and a P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. We compared patients managed in hospital ward without needing intensive care (“ward group”) with those who were transferred in intensive care units (ICU) for artificial ventilation, including non-invasive ventilation, high flow nasal cannula and/or mechanical ventilation (ICU group), with t-tests for quantitative variables and Chi-square tests for qualitative variables. Deceased, unreachable, demented, bedridden and non-French speaking patients were excluded.

5Īll eligible patients were contacted by phone by trained physicians and were asked to answer to the questionnaire. Based on the answers, an EQ-5D- index can be calculated, ranging from states worse than dead (<0) to 1 (full health). Patients are asked to rate their health state from 1 to 5 in five domains (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression) and on a scale ranging from 0 (“the worst possible health”) to 100 (“the best possible health”) on a visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS). HRQoL was assessed using the EQ-5D-5 L questionnaire, a widely used, validated European questionnaire 4. We designed a short phone questionnaire to collect post-discharge clinical symptoms, modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnoea scale scores, professional and physical activities, and attention, memory and/or sleep disorders. Demographic and clinical data at admission were extracted from electronic medical records.

Patients who were directly admitted to the ICU without being hospitalized in our COVID-19 unit were excluded. COVID-19 diagnosis was based on positive SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction on nasal swabs, and/or typical abnormalities on chest computed tomography. Here, we describe a single-centre study assessing post-discharge persistent symptoms and HRQoL of patients hospitalized in our COVID-19 ward unit more than 100 days after their admission.

1 However, only a few studies have assessed post-discharge persistent symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after hospitalization for COVID-19. In this journal, we recently reported a series of 279 hospitalized patients with novel coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) and their short-term outcome.

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